Uma itiye eliluhlaza liyinxusa lesithombe seziphuzo zaseMpumalanga Asia, khona-ke itiye elimnyama selisakazeke emhlabeni wonke.Kusukela e-China kuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika, itiye elimnyama livame ukubonakala.Leli tiye, elazalwa ngengozi, seliphenduke isiphuzo samazwe ngamazwe ngokuthandwa kolwazi lwetiye.
Impumelelo ehlulekile
Ngasekupheleni kwe-Ming kanye nasekuqaleni kwe-Qing Dynasties, ibutho ladlula eTongmu Village, eWuyi, eFujian, lathatha imboni yendawo yetiye.Amasosha ayengenayo indawo yokulala, ngakho ayelala obala emaqabungeni etiye ayenqwabelene phansi embonini yetiye.Lawa “tiye aphansi” ayomiswa futhi aphekwe futhi adayiswe ngamanani aphansi.Amaqabunga etiye akhipha iphunga elinamandla likaphayini.
Abantu bendawo bayazi ukuthi leli yitiye eliluhlaza elihlulekile ukulenza, akekho ofuna ukulithenga aliphuze.Kungenzeka ukuthi abazange bacabange ukuthi phakathi neminyaka embalwa, leli tiye elihlulekile lizoduma emhlabeni wonke futhi libe enye yezimpahla eziyinhloko zohwebo lwangaphandle lwe-Qing Dynasty.Igama layo yitiye elimnyama.
Amatiye amaningi aseYurophu esiwabona manje asekelwe phezu kwetiye elimnyama, kodwa empeleni, njengezwe lokuqala ukuhwebelana itiye neChina ngezinga elikhulu, amaBrithani nawo adlule inqubo ende yokwamukela itiye elimnyama.Lapho itiye lethulwa eYurophu ngeNkampani yaseDutch East India, abaseBrithani babengenalo ilungelo lokubusa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngakho kwadingeka bathenge itiye kumaDashi.Leli qabunga eliyimfihlakalo elivela eMpumalanga seliwukunethezeka okuyigugu kakhulu ezincazelweni zabahambi baseYurophu.Ingakwazi ukwelapha izifo, ibambezele ukuguga, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifanekisela impucuko, ukuzijabulisa nokukhanyiselwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala nokukhiqiza itiye buye bathathwa njengemfihlo yombuso yezinga eliphezulu ngamakhosi aseShayina.Ngaphezu kokuthola itiye eselenziwe ngomumo kubathengisi, abantu baseYurophu banolwazi olufanayo mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye, izindawo zokutshala, izinhlobo, njll. Angazi.Itiye elangeniswa livela eShayina lalilinganiselwe kakhulu.Ngekhulu le-16 nele-17, amaPutukezi akhetha ukungenisa itiye eJapane.Nokho, ngemva komkhankaso kaToyotomi Hideyoshi wokuqothula, inani elikhulu lamaKristu aseYurophu labulawa ngonya eJapane, futhi ukuhweba ngetiye kwacishe kwaphazamiseka.
Ngo-1650, intengo ye-1 pounds yetiye eNgilandi yayicishe ibe ngamaphawundi ayi-6-10, iguqulelwe inani lanamuhla, yayilingana namaphawundi angama-500-850, okusho ukuthi, itiye elishibhe kakhulu eBrithani ngaleso sikhathi lalithengiswa cishe. okulingana nama-yuan angu-4,000 namuhla / intengo yekati.Lokhu futhi kuwumphumela wokwehla kwamanani etiye njengoba umthamo wokuhweba ukhula.Kwaze kwafika ngo-1689 lapho iBritish East India Company yaxhumana ngokusemthethweni nohulumeni wase-Qing futhi yangenisa itiye ngobuningi eziteshini ezisemthethweni, futhi intengo yetiye laseBrithani yehla ngaphansi kwephawundi elingu-1.Kodwa-ke, ngetiye elingeniswe livela eChina, abaseBrithani bebelokhu bedidekile mayelana nezindaba zekhwalithi, futhi bahlale benomuzwa wokuthi izinga letiye laseShayina alizinzile ngokukhethekile.
Ngo-1717, uThomas Twinings (umsunguli we-TWININGS brand) wavula igumbi letiye lokuqala eLondon.Isikhali sakhe somlingo webhizinisi ukwethula izinhlobo ezahlukene zamatiye ahlanganisiwe.Ngokuqondene nesizathu sokudala amatiye ahlanganisiwe, kungenxa yokuthi ukunambitheka kwamatiye ahlukene kuyahluka kakhulu.Umzukulu ka-TWININGS wake wachaza indlela kamkhulu wakhe, “Uma ukhipha amabhokisi etiye angamashumi amabili futhi unambitha kahle itiye, uzothola ukuthi ibhokisi ngalinye linokunambitheka okuhlukile: amanye aqinile futhi anephunga elimnandi, amanye alula futhi awashoni… Ngokuxuba. nokumadanisa itiye elivela emabhokisini ahlukene, singathola inhlanganisela enambitheka kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi ibhokisi elilodwa.Futhi, lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engaguquki. ”Amatilosi aseBrithani ngesikhathi esifanayo nawo aqopha kowawo amarekhodi ukuthi kufanele aqaphe lapho esebenzelana nosomabhizinisi baseShayina.Amanye amatiye amnyama ngombala, futhi angabona shazi ukuthi awalona itiye elihle.Kodwa empeleni, lolu hlobo lwetiye cishe luyitiye elimnyama elikhiqizwa eChina.
Kwaze kwaba kamuva lapho abantu baseBrithani bazi ukuthi itiye elimnyama lalihlukile kunetiye eliluhlaza, okwavusa isithakazelo sokuphuza itiye elimnyama.Ngemva kokubuya ohambweni oluya eChina, umfundisi waseBrithani uJohn Overton wethula kwabaseBrithani ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zetiye eChina: itiye leWuyi, itiye lesongluo netiye lekhekhe, phakathi kwalo itiye leWuyi elihlonishwa njengelokuqala amaShayina.”Kusukela kulokhu, amaBrithani aqala Yabamba umkhuba wokuphuza itiye elimnyama le-Wuyi lekhwalithi ephezulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokufihla ngokuphelele kukahulumeni wase-Qing ngolwazi lwetiye, abantu abaningi baseBrithani babengazi ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye ubangelwa ukucubungula, futhi ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi kunezihlahla zetiye ezihlukene, izihlahla zetiye elimnyama, nokunye. .
Ukucubungula itiye elimnyama nesiko lendawo
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza itiye elimnyama, izixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu ziyabuna kanye nokuvutshelwa.Inhloso yokubuna wukuqeda umswakama oqukethwe emaqabungeni etiye.Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukubuna kwelanga, ukubuna kwemvelo kwangaphakathi kanye nokushisisa ukubuna.Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elimnyama lanamuhla kusekelwe kakhulu endleleni yokugcina.Inqubo yokuvutshelwa iwukuba ikhiphe ama-theaflavin, ama-thearubigins nezinye izingxenye eziqukethwe emaqabunga etiye, yingakho itiye elimnyama lizovela libomvu elimnyama.Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinto zetiye, abantu babehlukanisa itiye elimnyama libe yizinhlobo ezintathu, okuyi-Souchong black tea, itiye elimnyama leGongfu kanye netiye eligaywe elibomvu.Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi abantu abaningi bazobhala i-Gongfu Black Tea njenge "Kung Fu Black Tea".Eqinisweni, izincazelo zalokhu kokubili azihambisani, futhi ukuphinyiselwa kwe-"Kung Fu" nethi "Kung Fu" eningizimu yesigodi saseHokkien nakho kuhlukile.Indlela efanele yokubhala kufanele kube ”Gongfu Black Tea”.
Itiye elimnyama lamaConfucian kanye netiye elimnyama eliphukile yizinto ezijwayelekile ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti lezi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhwameni zetiye.Njengetiye eliningi elithunyelwa ngaphandle, itiye elimnyama alizange lithinte i-United Kingdom kuphela ngekhulu le-19.Kusukela u-Yongzheng esayine isivumelwano ne-Tsarist Russia ngonyaka wesihlanu, i-China yaqala ukuhwebelana neRussia, futhi itiye elimnyama lethulwa eRussia.Kubantu baseRussia abahlala endaweni ebandayo, itiye elimnyama liyisiphuzo esihle sokufudumala.Ngokungafani nabaseBrithani, amaRussia athanda ukuphuza itiye elinamandla, futhi azofaka ujamu, izingcezu zikalamula, i-brandy noma i-rum kumthamo omkhulu wetiye elimnyama ukufanisa Isinkwa, ama-scones nokunye ukudla okulula kungacishe kube ukudla.
Indlela amaFulentshi aphuza ngayo itiye elimnyama iyafana neyase-UK.Bagxila ekuzijabuliseni.Bazofaka ubisi, ushukela noma amaqanda etiyeni elimnyama, babambe amaphathi etiye ekhaya, futhi balungiselele ama-dessert abhakiwe.AmaNdiya cishe kufanele aphuze inkomishi yetiye lobisi elenziwe ngetiye elimnyama ngemva kokudla.Indlela yokwenza nayo ihluke kakhulu.Faka itiye elimnyama, ubisi, ama-clove, ne-cardamom ndawonye ebhodweni ukuze upheke, bese uthela izithako zokwenza lolu hlobo lwetiye.Isiphuzo esibizwa nge-“Masala Tea”.
Ukufana okuhle phakathi kwetiye elimnyama nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene kuyenza idume emhlabeni wonke.Ngekhulu le-19, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwetiye elimnyama, abaseBrithani bakhuthaza amakoloni ukuthi alime itiye, futhi baqala ukukhuthaza isiko lokuphuza itiye kwezinye izifunda kanye nokugijima kwegolide.Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-Australia neNew Zealand baba amazwe asebenzisa itiye elikhulu kakhulu ngomuntu ngamunye.Mayelana nezindawo zokutshala, ngaphezu kokukhuthaza i-India ne-Ceylon ukuthi iqhudelane ekutshaleni itiye elimnyama, amaNgisi aphinde avula amasimu etiye emazweni ase-Afrika, amele kakhulu iKenya.Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu yentuthuko, iKenya namuhla isibe ngumkhiqizi wesithathu omkhulu wetiye elimnyama emhlabeni.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenhlabathi elinganiselwe kanye nezimo zezulu, izinga letiye elimnyama laseKenya alilungile.Nakuba okukhiphayo kukhulu, okuningi kungasetshenziselwa izikhwama zetiye kuphela.impahla eluhlaza.
Ngokukhula kwegagasi lokutshalwa kwetiye elimnyama, ukuthi bangaqala kanjani umkhiqizo wabo sekuyindaba yokuthi abathengisi betiye abamnyama bacabange kanzima.Kulokhu, ophumelele unyaka ngaphandle kokungabaza kwaba uLipton.Kuthiwa uLipton ungumuntu oshiseka ngokweqile okhulelwa ukukhuthazwa kwetiye elimnyama amahora angama-24 ngosuku.Kwake kwaphuka umkhumbi wezimpahla owawugibele uLipton, ukaputeni watshela abagibeli ukuthi baphonse impahla olwandle.Ngokushesha uLipton wezwakalisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukulahla lonke itiye lakhe elimnyama.Ngaphambi kokulahla amabhokisi etiye elimnyama, wabhala igama lenkampani yakwaLipton ebhokisini ngalinye.Lawa mabhokisi ajikijelwa olwandle antanta aya eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia eduze kwemisinga yolwandle, futhi ama-Arabhu awacosha ogwini avele asithanda isiphuzo ngemva kokusipheka.I-Lipton ingene emakethe yase-Arabia cishe cishe iqanda.Njengoba u-Lipton ngokwakhe eyingcweti yokuqhosha futhi eyingcweti kwezokukhangisa, ubuqiniso bendaba ayishoyo abukafakazelwa.Kodwa-ke, ukuncintisana okunamandla nokuncintisana kwetiye elimnyama emhlabeni kungabonakala kulokhu.
Main izinhlobo
Keemun Kungfu, Lapsang Souchong, Jinjunmei, Yunnan Ancient Tree Black Tea
Sitiye elimnyama
I-Souchong isho ukuthi inombolo ayitholakali, futhi inqubo eyingqayizivele ukudlulisa ibhodwe elibomvu.Ngale nqubo, ukuvutshelwa kwamaqabunga etiye kuyekwa, ukuze kugcinwe iphunga lamaqabunga etiye.Le nqubo idinga ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa ebhodweni lensimbi lifinyelela imfuneko, gudluza-gazinga ebhodweni ngezandla zombili.Isikhathi kufanele silawulwe ngendlela efanele.Ukude kakhulu noma okufushane kakhulu kuzothinta kakhulu izinga letiye.
https://www.loopteas.com/black-tea-lapsang-souchong-china-teas-product/
I-Gongfu black tea
Isigaba esiyinhloko setiye elimnyama lesiShayina.Okokuqala, amanzi amaqabunga etiye ancishiswa abe ngaphansi kwama-60% ngokubuna, bese kwenziwa izinqubo ezintathu zokugingqa, ukuvutshelwa, nokomisa.Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, igumbi lokuvutshelwa kufanele ligcinwe likhanya kalufifi futhi izinga lokushisa lifanele, futhi ekugcineni izinga lamaqabunga etiye likhethwa ngokucubungula okucolisisiwe.
https://www.loopteas.com/china-black-tea-gong-fu-black-tea-product/
I-CTC
Ukuxova nokusika kuthatha indawo yokuxova ohlelweni lokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zetiye elimnyama.Ngenxa yomehluko wezindlela zemanuwali, zemishini, zokuxova kanye nokusika, ikhwalithi nokubukeka kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo kuhluke kakhulu.Itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza yezikhwama zetiye kanye netiye lobisi.
https://www.loopteas.com/high-quality-china-teas-black-tea-ctc-product/
Jin Junmei
●Umsuka: Intaba yaseWuyi, eFujian
● Umbala wesobho: ophuzi osagolide
● Iphunga: Inhlanganisela ye-interweaving
Itiye elisha, elakhiwa ngo-2005, liyitiye elimnyama lezinga eliphezulu futhi lidinga ukwenziwa ngemiqumbe yezihlahla zetiye ze-alpine.Kuningi okulingiswayo, kanti itiye elomile langempela eliphuzi, elimnyama, negolide linemibala emithathu, kodwa alinawo nowodwa umbala osagolide.
Lapsang Souchong
●Umsuka: Intaba yaseWuyi, eFujian
● Umbala wesobho: ubomvu obukhazimulayo
● Iphunga: Iphunga likaphayini
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zikaphayini ezikhiqizwe endaweni ukubhema nokosa, iLapsang Souchong izoba nerosin eyingqayizivele noma iphunga elimnandi.Ngokuvamile ibhamuza lokuqala iphunga likaPine, futhi ngemva kwamabhamuza amabili noma amathathu, iphunga le-longan liqala ukuvela.
Tanyang Kungfu
●Umsuka: Fu'an, Fujian
● Umbala wesobho: ubomvu obukhazimulayo
● Iphunga: Elegant
Umkhiqizo obalulekile othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi se-Qing Dynasty, wake waba yitiye eliqokelwe umndeni wasebukhosini bamaNgisi, futhi wakhiqiza izigidi zamathaleli esiliva emalini engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe yoBukhosi Bama-Qing minyaka yonke.Kodwa inedumela eliphansi e-China, futhi yashintsha ngisho netiye eliluhlaza ngawo-1970.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2023